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Presentations

Biosemiotics
Free Will
Mental Causation
James Symposium
 
Ted Honderich Correspondence
Determinism a key part of Libertarian Free Will?
June 3, 2008

Dear Professor Honderich,

First let me thank you for your many contributions over the years to philosophy and especially your vigorous arguments for determinism as necessary to freedom.

I have most all your books in my personal library (excepting the Ayer volumes).

I am an astrophysicist and cosmologist by training and have long been studying the way information (actually structure in general) is created and maintained in the universe. I earned my Ph.D. at Harvard in 1968 with a thesis on the quantum mechanics of the hydrogen molecule.

The fundamental process of information creation, whether an atom forming from sub-atomic particles, a molecule - including DNA and biological structures, or a bit being set to one or zero in a computer, involves a quantum mechanical event in which a "measurement" is made that allows any "observer" to see the new structural element.

Measurement is accompanied by radiating away an amount of entropy (or disorder) that more than compensates for the increase in order (negative entropy or information) that the structure represents in the universe - to satisfy the second law of thermodynamics.

There are remarkable parallels in this process to what I would like to suggest to you is an "intelligible" model for free will that includes what I call "adequate determinism."

This determinism is adequate to predict the motions of the heavens and put men on the moon. It is practically speaking everything in Newtonian physics that led Kant to a perfectly deterministic phenomenal world - for sufficiently large objects.

Microscopic atomic measurement, however - as you know, begins with a thoroughly unpredictable quantum process, followed by a macroscopic process for which indeterminism is negligible. The core assumption in quantum mechanics is that the microscopic world is unpredictable, but the measurement apparatus can be treated classically because it is macroscopic - adequately determined.

In my study of many philosophers and scientists who have pondered the question of free will over the centuries, I find just a few thinkers who have discussed a two-stage model for a free will - free, in the sense of random alternative possibilities, and will, in the sense of an adequately deterministic choice from the alternatives based on values in one's character.

The earliest are William James (1897), Henri Poincaré (1906), and Karl Popper (1960).

Recent others include Daniel Dennett (1978), who actually rejects the idea, Robert Kane (2001), who like it but declares it "unintelligible," and Alfred Mele (2001), who is openly skeptical. Even John Searle (2004) has made what he calls a "strict argument requiring quantum indeterminism."

Popper and a few others mention the obvious parallel with Darwinian evolution - random variation in the gene pool followed by natural selection.

You touch on something similar in How Free Are You?

I very much like your phrases "near-determinism" and "determinism-where-it-matters." And you see "some indeterminism but only at what is called the micro-level of our existence, the level of the small particles of our bodies." (p.5)

I was strongly impressed with your passionate remarks on page 95 on the apparent loss of hope in contemplating a strict deterministic future.  Can a model that is both free (random) and willed (adequately determined) eliminate your dismay?

I believe that Niels Bohr would have loved the complementarity aspect. Even Hegel might have been happy with a random/chance thesis dialectically evolving into a determinist antithesis which needs a synthesis/aufhebung in the complex absolute idea of free will.

I am beginning to put my thoughts onto some web pages, and would greatly appreciate critical comments from you - as the principal spokesman for hard determinism - before approaching your philosophical colleagues, including Dennett, who lives nearby (I am still in Cambridge, MA).

Is it possible that we might have a chance to chat after the academic year ends and you have a bit of time?

At your convenience, please take a look at my brief statement of the Problem of Free Will here:
http://www.informationphilosopher.com/freedom/problem/

and my draft History of Free Will here:
http://www.informationphilosopher.com/freedom/history/

By the way, thank you also for your website, which I include in my webliography/bibliography.
http://www.informationphilosopher.com/afterwords/bibliography/

I would be greatly appreciative of your critical remarks - especially your impressions of whether the "adequate determinism" I describe is enough to satisfy the very sensible requirements for a determined and causal will you have defended all these years.

I am available to talk anytime at 1-617-876-5678, and would be happy to call you if you prefer.

Cheers

Bob Doyle

77 Huron Avenue
Cambridge, MA 02138
Tel: +1 617-876-5678 Skype:bobdoyle


Re: Determinism a key part of Libertarian Free Will?
June 17, 2008

Dear Bob Doyle,

 
This message of yours has gone unanswered mainly for the reason that I have been having a medical problem.
 
A routine medical test showed my heart was beating 151 times a minute, enough to get me sent to the Accident and Emergency department and admitted to hospital.
 
I have printed out your message, and it has gone into the file that will be read when I next return to the problems in question -- our mutual interest.
 
Please forgive me not taking discussion further at this stage.
 
Very best wishes to you.
 
Ted

Ted Honderich
Grote Professor Emeritus Philosophy of Mind & Logic
University College London
Visiting Professor University of Bath
66 Muswell Hill Road, London N10 3JR
0208 350 4936   07858 768 120
http://www.homepages.ucl.ac.uk/~uctytho/


Re: Determinism a key part of Libertarian Free Will?
July 31, 2008

Dear Professor Honderich,

I do hope that medical science has your heart back under control.  I think how close we came to losing Professor Dennett a short while ago.

I have been reading your Philosopher:A Kind of Life.

From p. 387  "Does it need to be added that accidents and chances are one thing and acting on them another? That I in fact chose? Well, some chances are hard to resist."

I would love to talk to you about reconciling real chance in the universe with the adequate determinism that the world provides us.

We do not have the metaphysical strict rational logical determinism philosophers (and many scientists) have dreamed off dogmatically, merely the adequate physical determinism that let us send men to the moon and back.

As far as I can see, quantum uncertainty does nothing to the adequate determinism of our willed actions.

It certainly has no affect on the laws of nature - except the unusual case of microscopic quantum events.

Amplifications of quantum randomness to use as a method of making decisions (by Eddington, Compton, and others) has been sadly ludicrous.

But randomness can add alternative possibilities for us to choose from, as you note above. And our choice can be a determination, consistent with our character and values, a de-liberation of those free possiblilities in an ambiguous future.

As John Locke wrote, it is not the will that is free. It is the man that is free.

I have also been working over your Theory of Determinism, to find summaries for your page on my Information Philosophy website here:
http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/honderich/

Whenever you find the time for criticisms, they will be most appreciated.

I dream that I might convince you, and then perhaps with your strong position in the philosophical community you could convince your colleagues, that the determinism we have in the real world, what I call "adequate determinism" is no cause for the attitude of "dismay."
http://www.informationphilosopher.com/freedom/adequate_determinism.html

Cheers,

Bob


A Dream and a Dialogue between You and Me
August 3, 2008

My Dear Professor Honderich,

If I am becoming a pest, just file this email with the others for when your heart slows down.

But I do wish you would think of me as one of those "one or two open-minded postgraduates of the age" you mention in How Free Are You?

Or perhaps those in A Kind of Life that you "encouraged to come with some philosophy got down on paper, since it seems to me that one learns most by the discipline of writing. Sections of thesis are better than thoughts on the wing."

Rather than send you more "thoughts on the wing" or worse, hoping to talk with you before you can assess my significance to your "limited immortality," I thought I would share a dream in this email, and then write a hidden web page with an imagined conversation between us two called "Ted and Bob."

As the "major spokesman for hard determinism" (my history now so describes you)  and as the inspiration for a group of younger philosophers (Double, Magill, Pereboom, Smilansky, G. Strawson?), none of whom shares your passion and sense of loss involved with the "black thing," I blissfully imagine that you might change the direction of the determinism and freedom debate in the next couple of years.

If you change a bit, it would be an Epicurean "swerve" in the history of philosophy.

If you accepted a modest role for indeterminism in your "near determinism" - not threatening the determinism required for an adequately determined will in the least - but allowing for an intelligible kind of "origination," I believe you could help drive a consensus among philosophers - an "intersubjective agreement" in Charles Peirce's sense - that would convince lesser thinkers like Robert Kane, Peter van Inwagen, and perhaps even the curmudgeon Dan Dennett to redefine what is taught in future to philosophy students about free will.

I have studied their works as much as I have yours. Kane admits he can make no sense of his quantum indeterminism suggestions. Van Inwagen does little more than repeat the standard objection to determinism with his Consequence Argument. To the extent that he admits indeterminism into his decisions, he agrees with Kane that the agent loses control and thus free will remains a mystery.

My Dream

A three-day conference at Harvard, perhaps as early as 2009, with you, Kane (he is not very well at the moment), van Inwagen, and Dennett leading panels at the Philosophy Department, the Law School, the Divinity School, and the new Cog Sci/Psychology/Neurosciences initiative, to explain the significance of the new free will consensus among philosophers.

It would create a giant buzz.

Philosophy might even get out in front of vibrant neuroscience with some implications for Consciousness.

Our Dialogue

I have put our imaginary conversation, based on extensive quotes from your Theory of Determinism and How Free Are You? on an unadvertised web page (known only to you and me).

http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/honderich/ted_and_bob.html

Please consider it as a "section of  a thesis" by a hard-working postgraduate student.

But if you accept this thesis as your own, you would have to change your positions of dismay and intransigence to ones with significantly higher life hopes, and it could be a bright line rather than a black thing at the end of the "decent length of life" and "limited immortality" you have in fact already achieved.

Cheers,

Bob

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